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Meles Zenawi and his government adopted ethnic federalism with the aim of establishing the equality of all ethnic groups in Ethiopia. Features of ethnic federalism have been displayed also in other countries, including Nepal, Pakistan, South Sudan, Yugoslavia, and Apartheid-era South Africa (see Bantustans).
The 1995 Ethiopian Federal Constitution formalizes an ethnic federalism law aimed at undermining long-standing ethnic imperial rule, reducing ethnic tensions, promoting regional autonomy, and upholding unqualified rights to self-determination and secession in a state with more than 80 different ethnic groups.
Following the dissolution of the Derg in 1991, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) dominated the country with a new constitution and ethnic-based federalism. Since then, Ethiopia has suffered from prolonged and unsolved inter-ethnic clashes and political instability marked by democratic backsliding .
26 nov. 2023 · The primary aim of Ethiopian federalism is to accommodate the country’s diverse ethnic groups. Before 1991, Ethiopia had a centralised unitary government that suppressed diversity. It...
10 janv. 2022 · However, what is clear is that there is a growing sense of ethnonationalism (or the idea that ethnic identity is now more important than a national Ethiopian identity) for a significant part of the population and this is consistent with the expectations of the critics of ethnofederalism.
Ethiopia’s adoption in 1991 of ethno-linguistic identity as the prescribed basis of politics in the new federal state is explained by three factors: (a) the military victory in 1991 by an ethno-nationalist movement the TPLF over centralized tyrannical military rule after a successful ethno-regional mobilization of insurgence; (b) the ideological...
12 janv. 2022 · While solving old problems of ethnic inequality and injustice, ethnic federalism has created new problems of ethnic tensions and conflict across Ethiopia. The article aims at investigating how and why ethnic federalism ended up being a source of ethnic conflicts in Ethiopia and suggests the way out. The article employed a qualitative ...