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Belgrade est l'une des plus anciennes cités d'Europe, avec une histoire qui s’étend sur plus de 7 000 ans. Selon les historiens, on évalue la destruction de la ville entre 28 et 33 fois, sa position stratégique en Europe étant son bonheur et son malheur, d'où les vers du XV e siècle de Constantin le philosophe, « Pleure ...
- Portail:Belgrade
Belgrade (en serbe cyrillique Београд et en alphabet serbe...
- Ville de Belgrade
Localisation de la Ville de Belgrade en Serbie. La ville de...
- Portail:Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. The population of the Belgrade metropolitan area is 1,685,563 according to the 2022 census.
- Etymology
- Prehistory
- Antiquity
- Middle Ages
- Early Modern Period
- Modern Period
- Names Throughout History
- Further Reading
A theory suggests that the ancient name Singidunum (Celtic: *Singidūn, Greek: Σιγγιδών) actually bears its modern meaning — "White Fort (town)". The first mention of Belgrade, in its current form, is from a letter written on 16 April 878, by Pope John VIII to Boris I Mihail, when the city was held by the Bulgarian Kingdom. The contemporary name of ...
Chipped stone tools found at Zemun show that the area around Belgrade was inhabited by nomadic foragers in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic eras. Some of these tools belong to the Mousterian industry, which are associated with Neanderthals rather than modern humans. Aurignacian and Gravettiantools have also been discovered there, indicating occupati...
Pre-Roman
The Paleo-Balkan tribes of Thracians and Dacians were the masters of this area prior to the Roman conquest. Belgrade was inhabited by a Thraco-Dacian tribe Singi, while after the Celtic invasion in 279 BC, the Scordisci took the city, naming it "Singidūn" (dun, fortress).
Roman era
In 34–33 BC, the Roman army led by Silanus reached Belgrade. It became the romanized Singidunum in the 1st century AD, and by the mid-2nd century, the city was proclaimed a municipium by the Roman authorities, evolving into a full-fledged colonia(highest city class) by the end of the century. The Romans first began to conquer lands surrounding Singidun during the 1st century BC. In 75 BC, Gaius "Quintus" Scribonius Curio, the proconsul of Macedonia, invaded the Balkan interior as far as the D...
Byzantine
In 395, upon the death of Theodosius I, the Roman Empire was split into two, with Singidunum lying on the northwestern border of the Eastern Roman Empire (later to become the Byzantine Empire). Moesia and Illyricum suffered devastating raids by the successive invasions of the Huns, Ostrogoths, Gepids, Sarmatians, Avars, and Slavs. Singidunum fell to the Huns in 441, who razed the city and fortress, selling its Roman inhabitants into indentured servitude. Over the next two hundred years, the c...
Early Middle Ages
In 442, the area was ravaged by Attila the Hun. In 471, it was taken by Theodoric the Great, who continued into Greece. As the Ostrogoths left for Italy, the Gepids took over the city. In 539 it was retaken by the Byzantines. In 577, some 100,000 Slavs poured into Thrace and Illyricum, pillaging cities and settling down. The Avars under Bayan I conquered the whole region by 582. According to Byzantine chronicle De Administrando Imperio, the White Serbs had stopped in Belgrade on their way bac...
High Middle Ages
Basil II (976–1025) installed a garrison in Belgrade. The city hosted the armies of the First and the Second Crusade; while passing through during the Third Crusade, Frederick Barbarossa and his 190,000 crusaderssaw Belgrade in ruins. Stephen Dragutin (r. 1276–1282), received Belgrade from his father-in-law, Stephen V of Hungary in 1284; it served as the capital of the Kingdom of Syrmia, and Dragutin is regarded as the first Serbian kingto rule over Belgrade.
Ottoman conquest and Austrian invasions
Seven decades after the initial siege, on 28 August 1521, the fort was finally captured by Ottoman Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent and his 250,000 soldiers; subsequently, most of the city was razed to the ground and its entire Orthodox Christian population was deported to Istanbul, to an area that has since become known as the Belgrade forest. Belgrade was made the seat of the district (Sanjak), becoming the second largest Ottoman town in Europe at over 100,000 people, surpassed only by Const...
Capital of independent Serbia
During the First Serbian Uprising, the Serbian revolutionaries held the city from 8 January 1807 until 1813, when it was retaken by the Ottomans. After the Second Serbian Uprising in 1815, Serbia reached semi-independence, which was formally recognized by the Porte in 1830. In 1841, Prince Mihailo Obrenović moved the capital from Kragujevacto Belgrade. In May 1868, Prince Mihailo was assassinated with his cousin Anka Konstantinovićwhile riding in a carriage through the park of his country res...
World War I and the Interbellum
The First World War began on 28 July 1914 when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Most of the subsequent Balkan offensives occurred near Belgrade. Austro-Hungarian monitors shelled Belgrade on 29 July 1914, and it was taken by the Austro-Hungarian Army under General Oskar Potiorek on 30 November. On 15 December, it was re-taken by Serbian troops under Marshal Radomir Putnik. After a prolonged battle which destroyed much of the city, between 6 and 9 October 1915, Belgrade fell to German a...
World War II
On 25 March 1941, the government of regent Crown Prince Paul signed the Tripartite Pact, joining the Axis powers in an effort to stay out of the Second World War and keep Yugoslavia neutral during the conflict. This was immediately followed by mass protests in Belgrade and a military coup d'état led by Air Force commander General Dušan Simović, who proclaimed King Peter II to be of age to rule the realm. Consequently, the city was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe on 6 April 1941, civilian casu...
Belgrade has had many names through history, and in nearly all languages the name translates as "the white city" or similar. Serbian name Beograd is a compound of beo ("white, light") and grad ("town, city"), and etymologically corresponds to several other city names spread throughout the Slavdom: Belgorod, Białogard, Biogradetc.
Brown, Edward (1673), "Belgrade", A Brief Account of Some Travels in Hungaria, Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Thessaly, Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, and Friuli, London: Benj. TookeBrookes, Richard (1786), "Belgrade", The General Gazetteer(6th ed.), London: J.F.C. RivingtonBrewster, David, ed. (1830), "Belgrade", Edinburgh Encyclopædia, Edinburgh: William BlackwoodPaton, A.A. (1861), "Belgrade", Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic, Leipzig: Brockhaus, hdl:2027/hvd.32044017982240La forteresse de Belgrade (en serbe : Beogradska tvrđava, en serbe en écriture cyrillique : Београдска тврђава) est située dans le parc de Kalemegdan à Belgrade, la capitale de la Serbie.
Belgrade (en serbe cyrillique Београд et en alphabet serbe latin Beograd) est la capitale et la plus grande ville de Serbie. Selon le recensement de 2002, la ville proprement dite comptait 1 281 801 habitants et, avec le district dont elle est le centre, 1 576 124 habitants. En 2008, la population de la ville était estimée à 1 104 240 habitants.
