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Mobile (prononcé en anglais : /moʊ.ˈbil/) est une ville de l'État américain de l' Alabama, la troisième par sa population et le siège du comté de Mobile. Elle est située sur le fleuve Mobile et au centre de la côte du Golfe. Sa population intra muros est de 195 111 habitants au recensement de 2010 .
Mobile (⫽ m oʊ ˈ b iː l ⫽ moh-BEEL, French: ⓘ) is a city and the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population was 187,041 at the 2020 census.
- Conquistadors: 1519 to 1559
- Colonial Period
- Territorial Period
- After Statehood
- Modern Period
- References
- External Links
Spanish explorers were sailing into the area of Mobile Bay as early as 1500, with the bay being marked on early Spanish maps as the Bahía del Espíritu Santo (Bay of the Holy Spirit). The area was explored in more detail in 1516 by Diego de Miruelo and in 1519 by Alonso Álvarez de Pineda. In 1528, Pánfilo de Narváez traveled through what was likely ...
French Louisiana: 1702 to 1763
Although Spain's presence in the area had been sporadic, the French, under Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville from his base at Fort Maurepas, established a settlement on the Mobile River in 1702. The settlement, then known as Fort Louis de la Louisiane, was first established at Twenty-seven Mile Bluff as the first capital of the French colony of Louisiana. It was founded under the direction of d'Iberville by his brother, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville, to establish control over France's...
British West Florida: 1763 to 1780
Mobile became a part of the "14th British colony", British West Florida, in 1763, when the Treaty of Paris was signed, ending the French and Indian War. The treaty ceded the Mobile area to Great Britain, and under British rule the colony flourished as West Florida. The British renamed Fort Condé as Fort Charlotte after the queen consort and re-energized the port. Major exports included timber, naval stores, indigo, hides, rice, pecans, and cattle.
Spanish West Florida: 1780 to 1812
The Spanish captured Mobile during the American Revolutionary War during the Battle of Fort Charlotte in 1780, and retained Mobile by the terms of the war-ending Treaty of Paris in 1783. Mobile was then part of the colonial province Florida Occidental for thirty years, controlled from Pensacola until 1813 when it was captured by American forces (during the War of 1812) under James Wilkinson.
Mississippi Territory
Before the War of 1812, the Spaniards in Mobile allowed British merchants to sell arms and supplies to the Indians defend their lands against encroaching settlers who had begun to build on part of present-day Alabama. During the course of the war, General James Wilkinson took a force of American troops from New Orleans to capture Mobile. The Spanish capitulated in April 1813 and the Stars and Stripes of the United States was raised for the first time over the Mobile area as it was added to th...
Alabama Territory: 1817 to 1819
Within 4 years, in March 1817, the U.S. state of Mississippi was formed, splitting the Mississippi Territory in half, and leaving Mobile, for the next 2 years, as part of the new Alabama Territory. In 1819, after two years as a territory, the US state of Alabama was formed, converting the Alabama Territoryinto a full American state.
Antebellum: 1820 to 1860
The cotton boom of the early 19th century brought an explosion of commerce to what had been a sleepy frontier town. For almost the next half century, Mobile enjoyed prosperity as the second largest international seaport on the Gulf Coast, after New Orleans. Progress was based upon cotton, shipped downriver by flatboat or steamboat from plantation slave fields in Mississippi and Alabama. A fire in October 1827 destroyed most of the old city from the Mobile River to Saint Emanuel Street and fro...
Civil War: 1861 to 1865
Mobile grew substantially in the period leading up to the Civil War, when the Confederates heavily fortified it. Union naval forces established a blockade under the command of Admiral David Farragut. The Confederates countered by constructing blockade-runners: fast, shallow-draft, low-slung ships that could either outrun or evade the blockaders, maintaining a trickle of trade in and out of Mobile. Also, the Hunley, the first submarine to sink an enemy vessel in combat, was built and tested in...
Reconstruction:1865-1877
The aftermath of the war left Mobile with a spirit of governmental and economic caution that would limit it for a large part of the next century. General Christopher Columbus Andrews of the United States Army was in charge of Mobile in late 1865 and early 1866, he issued an order that in all courts and judicial proceedings in the District of Mobile that African-Americans should have the same standing as whites. General Pope was put in charge of the area next. General Pope declared all offices...
Early 20th century: 1900 to 1949
Overall, the early 20th century was a time of significant growth and change for Mobile, Alabama, as the city expanded economically, culturally, and socially. The population grew from about 40,000 in 1900 to over 60,000 by 1920. The city becoming a hub for shipping, manufacturing, and commerce. Key industries included lumber, textiles, shipbuilding and steel. The city received $3 million in federal grants for harbor improvements, which drastically deepened the shipping channels in the harbor....
Late 20th century: 1950 to 1999
By 1956, Mobile's square mileage had tripled to accommodate growth. The Brookley Air Force Base closure in the mid-1960s sent economic tremors through the area which took many years to absorb. Also in the post-war period, the pulp and paper industry became a major industry in Mobile. Scott Paper Company and International Papercombined to become one of the area's largest workforces. Legal racial segregation was ended by congressional passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Mobile had been mor...
21st century: 2000 to present
Mobile received moderate damage from Hurricane Ivan on 16 September 2004. Mobile received damage again from Hurricane Katrina on 29 August 2005. A storm surge of 11.45 feet (3.49 m) damaged eastern sections of Mobile and caused extensive flooding downtown. Mobilians elected their first African American mayor, Sam Jones, in September, 2005. Another landmark was added to Mobile's skyline in 2007 with the completion of the RSA Battle House Tower, the tallest skyscraper in the state. In January,...
Further reading
1. Wilson, Edward O. and Alex Harris. Why We Are Here: Mobile and the Spirit of a Southern City(Liveright, 2012) 229 pp; heavily illustrated
Older histories
1. Mobile Directory, Mobile, Alabama: H.M. McGuire and T.C. Fay, 1837, OL 22886873M 2. Saffold Berney (1878), "Mobile", Handbook of Alabama, Mobile: Mobile Register print., OL 24232267M 3. Peter J. Hamilton (1912), The Mobile Bicentennial, Mobile: Commercial Printing Company, OL 23365574M
”Fort Morgan and the Battle of Mobile Bay”, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson planMobile County (/ m oʊ ˈ b iː l / moh-BEEL) is a county located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Alabama. It is the third-most populous county in the state after Jefferson and Madison counties.
Mobile est une ville de l'État américain de l'Alabama, la troisième par sa population et le siège du comté de Mobile. Elle est située sur le fleuve Mobile et au centre de la côte du Golfe. Sa population intra muros est de 195 111 habitants au recensement de 2010.
15 juin 2024 · Mobile, city, seat (1812) of Mobile county, southwestern Alabama, U.S. It lies on Mobile Bay (an arm of the Gulf of Mexico) at the mouth of the Mobile River and is a river port and Alabama’s only seaport. The site was explored by Spaniards as early as 1519. In 1702 French colonists under.
Mobile (English pronunciation: /moʊˈbiːl/) is the fourth most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and is the county seat of Mobile County. The population within the city limits was 187,041 as of the 2020 census. It is at the head of Mobile Bay.
