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1 nov. 2022 · Tout savoir sur les champignons à psilocybine, qui provoquent des effets psychédéliques. Découvrez leur histoire, leur identifiabilité, leur consommation, leur légalité, leurs risques et leurs bienfaits.
- Overview
- What to Know About Shrooms
- What Do Shrooms Do?
- Potential Benefits of Shrooms
- Risks of Psilocybin Shrooms
- Signs of Shroom Use
- Magic Mushroom Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal
- How to Get Help for Magic Mushroom Misuse
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Shrooms, also known as magic mushrooms, are wild or cultivated mushrooms that contain psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychoactive and hallucinogenic compound. Some research suggests this substance may help relieve symptoms of some mental health conditions. However, shrooms are illegal in most places and carry risks that people should recognize.
Psilocybin is considered one of the most well-known psychedelics, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Psilocybin is classified as a Schedule I drug, meaning that it has a high potential for misuse and has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.
Press Play for Advice on Psychedelic Use
Hosted by therapist Amy Morin, LCSW, this episode of The Verywell Mind Podcast, featuring psychologist Brian Pilecki, shares the types of conditions psychedelics might treat, and the best resources to learn more information. Click below to listen now.
Although certain cultures have been known to use the hallucinogenic properties of some mushrooms for centuries, psilocybin was first isolated in 1958 by Dr. Albert Hofmann, who also discovered lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).
Magic mushrooms are often prepared by drying and are eaten by being mixed into food or drinks. Although, some people eat freshly picked psilocybe mushrooms.
Also Known As: Magic mushrooms are also known as shrooms, mushies, blue meanies, golden tops, liberty caps, philosopher's stones, liberties, amani, and agaric.
Drug Class: Psilocybin is classified as a hallucinogen.
Click Play to Learn More About Shrooms
This video has been medically reviewed by John C. Umhau, MD, MPH, CPE. A number of factors influence the effects of magic mushrooms, including dosage, age, weight, personality, emotional state, environment, and history of mental illness. While psilocybe mushrooms are often sought out for a peaceful high, shrooms have been reported to induce anxiety, frightening hallucinations, paranoia, and confusion in some. Hospital admissions related to the use of magic mushrooms are often connected to what is known colloquially as a "bad trip."
What the Experts Say
Magic mushrooms have been used for thousands of years for both spiritual and medicinal uses among indigenous people of America and Europe. Shrooms have a long history of being associated with spiritual experiences and self-discovery. Many believe that naturally occurring drugs like magic mushrooms, marijuana, and mescaline are sacred herbs that enable people to attain superior spiritual states. Others take magic mushrooms to experience a sense of euphoria, connection, and a distorted sense of time. The psilocybin found in shrooms is converted to psilocin in the body and is believed to influence serotonin in the brain, leading to altered and unusual perceptions. The effects take 20 to 40 minutes to begin and can last up to 6 hours—the same amount of time it takes for psilocin to be metabolized and excreted.
Medical Use
Can shrooms help with medical conditions? Some say yes. In 2018, researchers from Johns Hopkins University recommended reclassification of psilocybin from Schedule I to Schedule IV in order to allow for medical use. As a Schedule 1 drug, psilocybin cannot be prescribed for medicinal use. If its classification is changed, psilocybin mushrooms could then potentially be available by prescription. Researchers at Johns Hopkins found that psilocybin was an effective treatment for depression and nicotine and alcohol addictions, as well as other substance use disorders. Studies have also shown that magic mushrooms were effective for relieving the emotional distress of people with life-threatening cancer diagnoses. The Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research at Johns Hopkins is also researching how psychedelics affect a variety of conditions such as: Alzheimer's disease Anorexia nervosa Opioid addiction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome It is important to note that while researchers are currently exploring the therapeutic uses for psilocybin and other psychedelics, these substances are only utilized in controlled research and medical settings under the supervision of trained professionals.
Microdosing
Shrooms are also sometimes utilized in a practice known as microdosing. Microdosing involves taking very small amounts of a drug to test its benefits while minimizing unwanted side effects. One study found that people who self-medicated with small dosages of psilocybin were able to relieve cluster headaches while avoiding any psychoactive effects of the drug. It should be noted that researchers tend to advise against self-medicating with psilocybin for a few important reasons: Outside of a clinical setting, it may be harder to manage your anxiety and other unpleasant or unexpected experiences while under the influence (potentially leading to a bad trip) You may take too high of a dosage It's hard to know the purity of the drug if you're purchasing it from an unregulated source In addition, people with pre-existing mental health conditions may be more likely to experience adverse effects from psilocybin. Most Comprehensive Microdosing Study to Date Finds it Improves Mental Health
Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
Some psychedelic agents are currently being investigated for their benefits when used in combination with psychotherapy. Psilocybin is one that is being considered as a psychedelic therapeutic for both addiction and anxiety associated with terminal illness. This therapy may work, in part, through its effects on certain personality traits. One small-scale study involving subjects with treatment-resistant depression found that, after engaging in psilocybin therapy, their neuroticism scores decreased while their scores in extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness increased. Additional research is ongoing. In 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted breakthrough-therapy status to psilocybin-assisted therapy. This designation aims to improve the research process and hasten the development of drugs that show great promise in treating serious illnesses.
All hallucinogens carry the risk of triggering mental and emotional problems and causing accidents while under the influence. Among adolescents, shrooms are frequently taken in combination with alcohol and other drugs, increasing the psychological and physical risks.
The amount of psilocybin and psilocin contained in any given magic mushroom is unknown, and mushrooms vary greatly in terms of the amount of psychoactive contents. This means that it is very hard to tell the length, intensity, and type of "trip" someone will experience.
If your loved one is using shrooms, they may be nauseous or appear nervous or paranoid. In the case of drug use, it's always important to pay attention to any changes in sleep and eating patterns, as well as shifts in mood, personality, and social activities.
There are rare but potential long-term effects of hallucinogens, including disorganized thinking, mood changes, paranoia, and perceptual disturbances.
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) occurs when a person experiences hallucinations or visual disturbances long after using a hallucinogenic drug. These are also known as "flashbacks" and can be mistaken for neurologic conditions.
You may notice that your loved one is experiencing other effects of the hallucinogen, which may include:
•Amnesia
•Anxiety
Like most drugs, the more you use shrooms, the more tolerance you develop. Tolerance also develops quickly with regular use, meaning that with regular use, a person will need more of the drug to achieve the same effect.
Developing a tolerance can be especially risky with shrooms because consuming a large amount can result in overdose symptoms which, while not fatal, can include:
•Agitation
•Vomiting
•Diarrhea
•Muscle weakness
If you suspect a loved one is experimenting with or regularly using shrooms in problematic ways, consider having a firm yet loving conversation with them about the risks of psychedelics—especially when combined with alcohol or other drugs. At this time, it’s also important to emphasize that you are there to help and support them.
If you have been misusing shrooms, treatments are available that can help. Talk to your doctor or mental health professional about the best strategies for you.
Psychotherapy is often recommended and may include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational enhancement therapy (MET). CBT focuses on helping people change thought and behavior patterns that contribute to substance use, while MET works to improve people's motivation to change. Support groups and lifestyle changes can also be essential in long-term recovery.
If you or a loved one are struggling with substance use or addiction, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357 for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.
For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database.
Mind in the Media: How to Change Your Mind Investigates the Promise of Psychedelics
Shrooms are wild or cultivated mushrooms that contain psilocybin, a hallucinogenic compound. Learn about the potential benefits, side effects, addiction, and how to get help for shrooms.
Psilocybin mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms or shrooms, are a polyphyletic informal group of fungi that contain psilocybin, which turns into psilocin upon ingestion. Biological genera containing psilocybin mushrooms include Psilocybe, Panaeolus (including Copelandia), Inocybe, Pluteus, Gymnopilus, and Pholiotina.
Les champignons hallucinogènes, champis, champignons magiques, ou encore magic mushrooms, sont des champignons possédant des propriétés hallucinogènes et enthéogènes dues à diverses molécules en fonction de leur espèce. Leur mode d'administration majoritaire est la voie orale (ingestion), une petite minorité se fumant 1 .
14 déc. 2022 · Shrooms are mushrooms that contain psilocin or psilocybin, which can cause hallucinations and affect mood. Learn about the potential health benefits, risks, and how to identify shrooms safely.
Ce document présente les caractéristiques chimiques, pharmacologiques et psychologiques des champignons contenant de la psilocybine et de la psilocine, des substances hallucinogènes. Il explique aussi les modes de consommation, les risques et les effets de ces champignons.
27 avr. 2023 · Learn about the history, effects, and benefits of psilocybin, the main compound in magic mushrooms or shrooms. Find out how to prepare, dose, and set up for a safe and meaningful psychedelic experience.
