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5 juil. 2013 · Du choix de votre orientation aux astuces pour s'inscrire, en passant par les étapes clés d'APB, retrouvez toutes les réponses à vos questions et augmentez vos chances de voir vos vœux exaucés !
- Table of Content
- Introduction of AMBA
- Design principles
- AMBA Bus specification
- Advanced Peripheral Bus
- Design and operating states of APB
- Conclusion
- Future work
- Acknowledgement
- References
•Advanced Micro controller Bus Architecture (AMBA) is an open-standard that outlines how to connect and manage the different components or blocks within an SoC.
•These designs typically have one or more micro controllers or microprocessors along with several other components — internal memory or external memory bridge, DSP, DMA, accelerators and various other peripherals like USB, UART, PCIE, I2C etc — all integrated on a single chip.
•Today, AMBA is widely used on a range of ASIC and SoC parts including applications processors used in modern portable mobile devices like smartphones.
AMBA was introduced by ARM in 1996. The first AMBA buses were the Advanced System Bus (ASB) and the Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB).
In its second version, AMBA 2 in 1999, ARM added AMBA High-performance Bus (AHB) that is a single clock-edge protocol.
In 2003, ARM introduced the third generation, AMBA 3, including Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) to reach even higher performance interconnect and the Advanced Trace Bus (ATB) as part of the CoreSight on-chip debug and trace solution.
An important aspect of an SoC is not only which components or blocks it houses, but also how they interconnect. AMBA is a solution for the blocks to interface with each other.
•An AMBA-based microcontroller typically consists of a high-performance system backbone bus (AMBA AHB or AMBA ASB), able to sustain the external memory bandwidth, on which the CPU, on-chip memory and other Direct Memory Access (DMA) devices reside.
•This bus provides a high-bandwidth interface between the elements that are involved in the majority of transfers. Also located on the highperformance bus is a bridge to the lower bandwidth APB, where most of the peripheral devices in the system are located (see figure).
•AMBA is development of embedded microcontroller products with one or more CPUs or signal processors.
•This is highly reusable peripheral appropriate for full-custom, standard cell and gate array technologies.
•Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) is the part of Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) family protocols.
•It defines a low-cost interface that is optimized for minimal power consumption and reduced interface complexity.
•The APB protocol is not pipelined, use it to connect to low-bandwidth peripherals that do not require the high performance of the AXI protocol.
•The APB protocol relates a signal transition to the rising edge of the clock, to simplify the integration of APB peripherals into any design flow. Every transfer takes at least two cycles.
•The APB can interface with the AMBA Advanced High-performance Bus Lite (AHB-Lite) and AMBA Advanced Extensible Interface (AXI). we can use it to provide access to the programmable control registers of peripheral devices.
•The AMBA APB appears as a local secondary bus that is encapsulated as a single AHB or ASB slave device.
•IDLE is the normal state of the APB. When a transfer is necessary the bus relocates into the SETUP state, where the suitable select signal, PSELn, is asserted.
•The bus only waits in the SETUP state for one clock cycle and always moves to the ACCESS state on the next rising edge of the clock.
•ACCESS will enable signal, PENABLE, is asserted in the ACCESS state.
•The write, write data signals, select, and address must remain stable during the transition from the SETUP to ACCESS state.
•ACCESS state is controls when to exit by the PREADY signal from the slave.
•These are the conditions one is if PREADY is held LOW by the slave then the peripheral bus remains in the ACCESS state another is PREADY is driven HIGH by the slave then the ACCESS state is exited and the bus returns to the IDLE state if no more transfers are required after that it will start the same cycle.
•The APB bus is designed using the Verilog HDL according to the specification and is verified using EDAplayground.
•The simulation results show that the data read from a particular memory location is same as the data written to the given memory location. Hence, the design is functionally correct.
•To verify the above design using system verilog.
•Dr. Saroj Rout, Associate Professor, Silicon Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar
•Mr. Santunu Sarangi, Assistant Professor, Silicon Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar
[1]URL:click here
[2]ARM, “AMBA Specification Overview”, available at URL
[3]ARM, “AMBA Specification (Rev 2.0)”, available at URL
[4]URL:[click here](http://www.differencebetween.net/techno logy/difference-between-ahb-and-apb)
Du choix de votre orientation aux astuces pour s'inscrire, en passant par les étapes clés d'APB, retrouvez toutes les réponses à vos questions et augmentez vos chances de voir vos vœux exaucés !
14 sept. 2016 · This paper focuses on the modeling and simulation of the effects of syntactic foam deformation on APB in casing/tubing annuli. Syntactic foam is a composite material synthesized by filling a polymer, metal, or ceramic matrix with hollow glass microspheres (HGMSs).
- Zhengchun Liu, Robello Samuel, Adolfo Gonzales, Yongfeng Kang
- 2016
2 févr. 2021 · Cet article discute du rôle d’ APB et de Parcoursup, des algorithmes et solutions historiquement utilisées avant leur existence, de ce qu’on pourrait espérer d’un système idéal, et enfin de quelques difficultés et écueils à éviter.
L'APB a pour objectif d'informer sur le bégaiement, sa nature, ses implications, et sur les thérapies permettant de le traiter. Elle mène des actions auprès des professions de la santé et de l’éducation, des parents de jeunes enfants, des personnes bègues et leur entourage et agit auprès des pouvoirs publics pour que ce trouble soit ...
