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Richard III (1452-1485) est le dernier souverain de la maison d'York, qui régna de 1483 à 1485. Il est connu pour sa guerre contre Henri Tudor, sa réputation de tyran et la découverte de son squelette en 2012.
3 avr. 2023 · Comment le dernier roi d’Angleterre à mourir au combat a-t-il été oublié pendant des siècles ? Découvrez l’histoire et la découverte de ses restes, inspirée du film The Lost King.
26 mars 2015 · Une fois en place, Richard III mate la contestation emmenée par le duc de Buckingham et d'anciens proches d'Edouard IV. Mais ses défenseurs vantent aujourd'hui...
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Richard III (born October 2, 1452, Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, England—died August 22, 1485, near Market Bosworth, Leicestershire) the last Plantagenet and Yorkist king of England. He usurped the throne of his nephew Edward V in 1483 and perished in defeat to Henry Tudor (thereafter Henry VII) at the Battle of Bosworth Field. For almost ...
The future Richard III was the fourth son of Richard, 3rd duke of York (died 1460), and his duchess, Cecily Neville, to survive to adulthood. York was the most prominent duke in England, of royal descent, and the most powerful nobleman of his day. Neville came from the most prolific, most politically prominent, and best married of contemporary noble houses. Young Richard was, therefore, supremely wellborn and well-connected; but, as the youngest son, he was of so little account that a verse genealogy of the family merely recorded that he “liveth yet.” Three brothers—Edward, 3rd earl of March; Edmund, earl of Rutland (died 1460); and George, 1st duke of Clarence (after 1461)—reached maturity. Consequently, Richard’s future at first was decidedly unpromising.
During Richard’s youth, York initiated the opening stages of the Wars of the Roses. Three times York was appointed lord protector for his feeble cousin, the Lancastrian king Henry VI (reigned 1422–61 and 1470–71). In 1460 the Yorkist claim—York’s descent through the senior female line from Edward III (reigned 1327–77)—was recognized to be superior to the Lancastrian title through the junior male line of Henry VI. York himself was designated heir to the throne when Henry V died. However, this settlement, the Act of Accord, was resisted, and York was killed attempting to enforce it at Wakefield (now West Yorkshire) on December 30, 1460. This setback was reversed by York’s eldest son, Edward, who decisively defeated the Lancastrians in February 1461; he assumed the title King Edward IV on March 4, 1461, and his coronation took place on June 28. Although merely a child, Richard was directly affected by these upheavals and briefly took refuge in the Low Countries before his brother restored the family fortunes.
The succession of Edward IV made Richard a royal prince. He was quickly created duke of Gloucester and a knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter. He and his other brother, George, now duke of Clarence and also a child, resided together in a tower at Greenwich Palace in Kent. About 1465 Richard was placed in the household of his cousin Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, better known as “the Kingmaker.” He was recorded with him at Warwick and York. It was probably late in 1468, when he was 16 years old, that Richard was declared of age, took possession of estates conferred by his brother, and commenced public life, attending court and judicial commissions.
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The Wars of the Roses resumed in 1469, when Richard’s brother George and Warwick temporarily seized control of Edward IV and his government. Richard remained loyal and was appointed by Edward as his figurehead in Wales, the real ruling being undertaken by others. When Warwick and George succeeded in reinstating Henry VI as king briefly in 1470, Richard joined Edward IV in exile in The Hague, later accompanying Edward on his victorious campaign in 1471. Richard was prominent at the Battles of Barnet (Hertfordshire), where he was slightly wounded, and Tewkesbury (Gloucestershire), where as constable he summarily condemned the Lancastrian leaders to death. With royal approval and definitely not on his own initiative, he may also have helped kill both Prince Edward of Lancaster and Henry VI.
Learn about Richard III, the last Plantagenet and Yorkist king of England who usurped the throne of his nephew Edward V in 1483. Explore his life, reign, death, and legacy in this comprehensive article by a medieval historian.
17 sept. 2014 · Richard III a péri sous les coups nombreux de ses assaillants, qui lui auraient percé le crâne alors qu'il était à terre et ne portait plus de casque, suggère une étude scientifique.
10 févr. 2020 · Richard III d'Angleterre régna en tant que roi de 1483 à 1485. Richard succéda à Édouard V d'Angleterre (r. avr.-juin 1483), le fils d'Édouard IV d'Angleterre (r. de 1461 à 1470 et de 1471 à 1483) dans des circonstances mystérieuses.
How the king's remains were found in a car park and identified by DNA, and what has changed for those involved in the search. A film about the project, The Lost King, is due for release soon.
