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Il y a 2 jours · Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, known as the "Lion of the North", at the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631. From 1626 to 1629, Gustavus was engaged in a war with Poland–Lithuania, ruled by his Catholic cousin Sigismund, who also claimed the Swedish throne and had Imperial support.
- Central Europe
- Peace of Westphalia
Il y a 2 jours · His military success caused the tottering Protestants to call in Gustavus II Adolphus, King of Sweden. Soon, some of Ferdinand's allies began to complain about the excessive power exercised by Wallenstein, as well as the ruthless methods he used to finance his vast army. Ferdinand replied by firing the Bohemian general in 1630. The leadership ...
Il y a 4 jours · Unlike Genevan Calvinism, the Reformed religion in Germany coexisted easily with the autocratic territorial church. Calvinist German princes, for their part, saw the faith as a far more aggressive theological and political weapon with which to wage the struggle for Protestant supremacy in the empire.
Il y a 5 jours · According to Peter H. Wilson, the differences in numbers were smaller: his estimate is about thirty-nine thousand men for Gustavus Adolphus opposing about thirty-seven thousand troops led by Tilly; Geoffrey Parker, The Thirty Years’ War (London: Routledge, 1984), 126; Peter H. Wilson, Europe’s Tragedy.
Il y a 5 jours · More often, however, Catholic dissent took the form of students and fellows avoiding sermons and evading communion, or, like Philip Baker, insisting that Protestant services should resemble the mass as much as possible (p. 145). Others, like Caius, retained collections of Catholic ritual ornaments. While acknowledging that our ...
Il y a 5 jours · Tilly accepted battle with 32,000 men, mostly experienced veterans and a second in command, Pappenheim, known and famous for his courage and audacity. King Gustavus Adolphus II of Sweden and his 23,000-strong army plus the Protestant Elector of Saxony with 18,000 men lined up against him. Italian text with English captions. 1 vol, 80 ...
Il y a 1 jour · The Protestant movement gained ground rapidly in Austria. The nobility in particular turned toward the Lutheran creed. For generations eminent families provided the protagonists of Protestantism in the Lower and Inner Austrian territories.
