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Entre 1845 et 1848, Dickens rédige des fragments d'autobiographie dont il montre des extraits à son épouse ainsi qu'à John Forster.
David Copperfield is a novel by Charles Dickens, narrated by the eponymous David Copperfield, detailing his adventures in his journey from infancy to maturity. As such, it is typically categorized in the bildungsroman genre.
- Charles Dickens
- 1849
22 nov. 2018 · David Copperfield, âgé on le suppose d'une quarantaine d'années, se tourne sur son passé, un long fleuve pas tranquille du tout au cours duquel il rencontrera Les Peggoty, les frère et soeur Murdstone, Emily, Steerforth, sa tante, Agnès, les Micawber et enfin Dora dont il deviendra fou amoureux.
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David Copperfield est un roman de Charles Dickens publié en 1850. Il est considéré comme l’un des chefs-d’œuvre de la littérature anglaise du XIXe siècle. Le roman est largement inspiré de la vie de Dickens lui-même, qui a connu une enfance difficile et a travaillé dans une usine à l’âge de 12 ans.
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David Copperfield, novel by English writer Charles Dickens, published serially in 1849–50 and in book form in 1850. David Copperfield has always been among Dickens’s most popular novels and was his own “favourite child.” The work is semiautobiographical, and, although the title character differs from his creator in many ways, Dickens related early ...
The story is told in the first person by a middle-aged David Copperfield, who is looking back on his life. David is born in Blunderstone, Suffolk, six months after the death of his father, and he is raised by his mother and her devoted housekeeper, Clara Peggotty. As a young child, he spends a few days with Peggotty at the home of her brother, Mr. Peggotty, in Yarmouth, which Mr. Peggotty shares with Ham and Emily, his orphaned nephew and niece, respectively. When the visit ends, David learns that his mother has married the cruel and controlling Mr. Edward Murdstone. That evening Murdstone’s sister also moves in and assumes the management of the household.
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One day Mr. Murdstone takes David to his bedroom to beat him, and David bites his hand. After that, the eight-year-old David is sent to a boarding school run by the sadistic Mr. Creakle. There David becomes friends with the kind and steadfast Tommy Traddles and with the charismatic and entitled James Steerforth. Partway through David’s second semester at the school, his mother dies shortly after giving birth to a son, who also perishes. After that, Peggotty is dismissed, and she marries Barkis, who drives a wagon. David is not returned to school, and at the age of 10 he is sent to work at Murdstone’s wine-bottling factory in London. He lodges at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Micawber, a generous couple who are constantly facing financial disaster. Eventually, Mr. Micawber is sent to debtors’ prison, after which David runs away to Dover to find his great-aunt, the self-sufficient Miss Betsey Trotwood, and, on the advice of her simpleminded and good-hearted boarder, Mr. Dick, she takes him in.
Miss Betsey arranges for David to go to a school run by Doctor Strong and to stay with her business manager, Mr. Wickfield, and his daughter, Agnes. Working for Mr. Wickfield is an off-putting teenaged clerk named Uriah Heep. After David completes his schooling, he goes to visit Peggotty. On the way to Yarmouth, David encounters Steerforth, and together they visit Peggotty and Mr. Peggotty. Emily’s engagement to Ham is announced, but she appears interested in Steerforth.
After agreeing to Miss Betsey’s idea that he should become a proctor (a type of attorney), David begins an apprenticeship at the London office of Spenlow and Jorkins. He maintains his friendship with Steerforth, though Agnes Wickfield disapproves. He is reacquainted with Uriah Heep, who is about to become Wickfield’s partner and who intends to marry Agnes. One day Spenlow invites David to his home, and David becomes infatuated with Spenlow’s childlike daughter, Dora.
A complex exploration of psychological development, David Copperfield—a favourite of Sigmund Freud—succeeds in combining elements of fairy tale with the open-ended form of the bildungsroman. The fatherless child’s idyllic infancy is abruptly shattered by the patriarchal “firmness” of his stepfather, Mr. Murdstone. David’s suffering is traced through his early years, his marriage to his “child-wife,” Dora, and his assumption of a mature middle-class identity as he finally learns to tame his “undisciplined heart.” The narrative evokes the act of recollection while investigating the nature of memory itself. David’s development is set beside other fatherless sons, while the punitive Mr. Murdstone is counterposed to the carnivalesque Mr. Micawber.
Dickens also probed the anxieties that surround the relationships between class and gender. This is particularly evident in the seduction of working-class Emily by Steerforth and in the designs on the saintly Agnes by Uriah Heep as well as in David’s move from the infantilized sexuality of Dora to the domesticated rationality of Agnes in his own quest for a family.
- Jenny Bourne Taylor
David Copperfield paraît en feuilleton en 19 parutions mensuelles de 3 à 4 chapitres chacune de mai 1849 à novembre 1850. Chaque parution contient environ 32 pages et est agrémentée de deux illustrations de Phiz. Charles Dickens en travaille avec sérieux les articulations.
David Copperfield est sans doute le roman le plus autobiographique de Dickens. C’est aussi, de son propre aveu, son préféré : « Comme beaucoup de pères aimants, j’ai, au fond de mon cœur, un enfant favori. Et il s’appelle DAVID COPPERFIELD. »
