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This article covers the history of London from the Norman conquest of England in 1066 to the death of Richard III in 1485. During this period, London became the capital of England, as monarchs held Parliament at the Palace of Westminster, beginning in 1265 and increasing over the 14th century.
By the 14th century London was England’s leading commercial centre, and Westminster the royal and political capital. The population was decimated by the Black Death, which brought about fundamental changes to society. After a century of oppression, England’s Jews were expelled from the country.
London lost at least half of its population during the Black Death in the mid-14th century, but its economic and political importance stimulated a quick recovery despite further epidemics. Trade in London was organised into various guilds , which effectively controlled the city, and elected the Lord Mayor of the City of London .
By the early 14th century, the City comprised areas both inside the old Roman wall, as well as outside the wall. The City was subdivided into 24 wards - political units with a strong self-governance.
London in the Middle Ages. Birth and development of London as a city and a capital. In some ways the medieval history of London can be said to have begun on Christmas Day, 1066, when William the Conqueror was crowned king of England in a ceremony at the newly finished Westminster Abbey.
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Il y a 5 jours · By the early 17th century the name London began to embrace both the City of London and the City of Westminster as well as the built-up land between them, but the two never merged into a single municipality.
To breathe in medieval London was thus a communal affair; men and women inhaled all aspects of this crowded, shared space, including the smell of its many animal and human inhabitants, its industries, and their collective detritus.
