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  1. In philosophy, naturalism is the idea that only natural laws and forces (as opposed to supernatural ones) operate in the universe. [1] In its primary sense, [2] it is also known as ontological naturalism, metaphysical naturalism, pure naturalism, philosophical naturalism and antisupernaturalism. "Ontological" refers to ontology, the ...

  2. Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics secured the two Greek philosophers as two of the most influential political philosophers. Political philosophy or political theory is the philosophical study of government, addressing questions about the nature, scope, and legitimacy of public agents and institutions and the relationships between them.

  3. História da Filosofia Ocidental. História da Filosofia Ocidental é um livro de 1945 do filósofo britânico Bertrand Russell. Um levantamento da filosofia ocidental desde os filósofos pré-socráticos até o início do século XX, foi criticado pela generalização e omissões excessivas de Russell, particularmente do período pós ...

  4. The phrase "contemporary philosophy" is a piece of technical terminology in philosophy that refers to a specific period in the history of Western philosophy (namely the philosophy of the 20th and 21st centuries). [2] However, the phrase is often confused with modern philosophy (which refers to an earlier period in Western philosophy ...

  5. Indian philosophy consists of philosophical traditions of the Indian subcontinent. The philosophies are often called darśana meaning, "to see" or "looking at." [2] [3] Ānvīkṣikī means “critical inquiry” or “investigation." Unlike darśana, ānvīkṣikī was used to refer to Indian philosophies by classical Indian philosophers, such ...

  6. Western culture continued to develop with the Christianization of European society during the Middle Ages, the reforms triggered by the medieval renaissances, the influence of the Islamic world via Al-Andalus and Sicily (including the transfer of technology from the East, and Latin translations of Arabic texts on science and philosophy by Greek and Hellenic-influenced Islamic philosophers ...

  7. 30 juin 2008 · Books. History of Western Philosophy. Bertrand Russell. Simon and Schuster, Jun 30, 2008 - Philosophy - 928 pages. Hailed as “lucid and magisterial” by TheObserver, this book is universally acclaimed as the outstanding one-volume work on the subject of Western philosophy. Considered to be one of the most important philosophical works of all ...